The kernels used was Pioneer P1543 FAO class 600 from 130 days, kindly provided by Agricola 2000 srl (Milano, Italy). Maize kernels were surface sterilised with two 5-min washes of 80% ethanol, followed by two 15-min washes with 50% bleach and five rinses with sterile distilled water. Sterilisation was considered necessary to remove environmental residues that could have altered the experiment.
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