All data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. Differences between two groups were compared with the Welch t-test. Differences among multiple groups were assessed by one-way or two-way analysis of variance, and differences were compared using the Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed using Excel 2019 with add-in software Statcel 3.
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