Cellular viability was measured using the MTT assay. HUVECs were seeded in a 96-well plate (5000 cells per well) and cultured overnight. Cells were given the indicated treatments for 24 h and then incubated with 0.5 mg/ml MTT for an additional 4 h at 37°C. The supernatant was discarded, and 100 μl DMSO was added into each well to dissolve formazan crystals. The absorbance was subsequently measured at 490 nm in a multiple-function plate reader (Beckman, USA). Data were presented as the percentage of the control group.
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