2.10. Caspase‐3 activity assay

Caspase‐3 activity was measured using a caspase‐3 colorimetric assay kit (Abcam). Cells were seeded in the 24‐well plate at the density of 1 × 10⁵ cells/well. Then, cells were transfected for 24 hours and lysed in the provided lysis buffer and centrifuged at 10 000 × g for 1 minutes, and the supernatants were collected. Subsequently, equal amounts of protein were incubated with the substrate Z‐DEVD‐AMC at 37°C for 1 hours. The activity of caspase‐3 was determined at 405 nm using the microplate reader (Biotek). All experiments were performed at least three times.