The inclusion process was approved by the institutional ethical committee on human clinical research. A general informed consent agreement, stating that the clinical, pathological, and imaging data with privacy protection might be used for teaching and scientific research, was signed by every patient as soon as hospitalized. Because of the retrospective nature of the current study with no clinical intervention, the specific informed consent agreement to a project was waived by the ethical committee. Medical records were desensitized for privacy protection.
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