Cell viability and LDH assays

Cell viability was detected using the MTT assay. After different treatments, cells were incubated with MTT at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL for 3 h. Then, the medium was discarded, and 150 μL of DMSO was added to dissolve the formazan crystals. The absorbance was read at 570 nm with a reference wavelength of 650 nm, and cell viability was calculated as the percentage of absorbance relative to the control value. In addition, the release of LDH was also determined to measure the extent of cell injury. At the end of the incubation, the culture supernatant was collected, and LDH was detected at 490 nm.