2.5. Mouse kainic acid model

Adult male mice (8‐10 weeks) were treated by kainic acid (30 mg/kg, ip) to induce seizures, which were classified as we previously described. ²⁴ , ²⁵ 0: normal behavior—walking, exploring, sniffing, and grooming; 1: arrest and rigid posture; 2: head bobbing; 3: partial body clonus (unilateral forelimb clonus), myoclonic jerk, and lordotic posture; 4: rearing with bilateral forelimb clonus; 5: rearing and falling (loss of postural control); 6: tonic‐clonic seizure with running and jumping; and 7: death. The onset of behavioral SE was defined as the occurrence of three stage‐4 seizures. SE was interrupted by diazepam (10 mg/kg, ip) 1 hr after SE began. A total of 40 mice were treated with kainic acid, and 21 of them experienced SE. The 19 mice that did not enter SE were removed from the study; two mice experienced SE died during the post‐SE recovery.