Exclusion criteria

We excluded general discussion documents that did not contribute to overarching frameworks—on the grounds that it is the conceptual frameworks that are likely to be most influential [such as the Commission on the Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) framework].⁸ For the same reason, we excluded life-course models, as these tend to be epidemiologically based models of exposures, rather than analyses of wider influences on individuals and contexts. We did not include frameworks focussed on a single condition subpopulation (unless it appeared to be a broadly applicable framework).