We used MEGA version 7 [48] for generating a Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree (unrooted network) [49] for all haplotypes and localities using uncorrected p-distance values, and for computing pairwise divergences among the COI barcodes. Median-Joining haplotype networks can be useful for both conveying population structures and visualizing the similarity among haplotypes. We thus generated Median-Joining haplotype networks [50] using POPART [51] for all haplotypes of field-collected samples (Fig. 2a), and separately for BSF samples from rearing cultures (Fig. 2b), with geographic origins of members of sequence clusters I-III listed in Table 1. Additionally, for the full dataset of all complete BSF barcodes we also generated a Median-Joining network (Supplementary data Fig. S1).
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