3.3. Characterization of Nanoparticles and Magnetoliposomes

Magnetization measurements were carried out in a MPMS3 SQUID magnetometer MPMS5XL (Quantum Design Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). The hysteresis cycles (magnetization versus magnetic field) of the samples were measured in the convenient field range for each sample. The measurement method was by DC extraction or VSM oscillation at a frequency of 14 Hz. A specific magnetic field correction for the trapped flux in the superconducting coil was made achieving an accuracy of residual less than 2 Oe.

X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed in a conventional Philips PW 1710 (Royal Philips, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) diffractometer, operating with CuK_α radiation, in a Bragg–Brentano configuration.

HR-TEM images were obtained at C.A.C.T.I (Centro de Apoio Científico e Tecnolóxico á Investigación), Vigo (Spain) using a Transmission Electron Microscope JEOL JEM 2010F (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) operating at 200 kV. TEM images were processed using ImageJ software, version 1.52 p (National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA).

Hydrodynamic diameters, polydispersity, and zeta potential values were determined in a Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) equipment NANO ZS Malvern Zetasizer (Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Malvern, UK) at 25 °C, performing five independent measurements for each sample.