Caco-2 cells were seeded into a 96-well plate at a density of 5 × 103 cells per well and cultured overnight. Cells preincubated with 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL of HD5 at 37 oC for 1 hour were exposed to 200 μL of SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions for 10 hours. The dual-luciferase reporter-containing SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirions received from Prof Qian was constructed as recently described.8 Cells were washed and lysed after 12 hours of post-inoculation in DMEM containing 10% FBS. The transduction efficiency of pseudovirions was determined by measuring the luciferase activity using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system (E1910; Promega, Beijing, China). The experiments were conducted in triplicate and repeated 3 times.
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