EXPERIMENTAL MODEL AND SUBJECT DETAILS

Some of these data were collected expressly for this study (OFC dataset and 24 new cells of the vmPFC datasest) and some were collected earlier but reanalyzed here (the other 156 cells of the vmPFC dataset., Strait et al., 2014). All procedures were approved by the University Committee on Animal Resources at the University of Minnesota (OFC dataset) or at the University of Rochester (both parts of the vmPFC dataset). All procedures were designed and conducted in compliance with the Public Health Service’s Guide for the Care and Use of Animals.

Four male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, subjects P and S, OFC, and subjects B and J, vmPFC) served as subjects. A small prosthesis for holding the head was used. Animals were habituated to laboratory conditions and then trained to perform oculomotor tasks for liquid reward. A Cilux recording chamber (Crist Instruments) was placed over the prefrontal cortex. Position was verified by magnetic resonance imaging with the aid of a Brainsight system (Rogue Research Inc.). Animals received appropriate analgesics and antibiotics after all procedures. Throughout both behavioral and physiological recording sessions, the chamber was kept sterile with regular antibiotic washes and sealed with sterile caps. All recordings were performed during the animals’ light cycle, between 8 AM and 5 PM.