2.11. Xenograft Tumor Model

The breast tumor xenograft model was established using a logarithmic growth phase of MCF-7 cells. MCF-7 cells were trypsinized and resuspended in 0.9% saline. The cell concentration was approximately 5 × 10⁶ cells/200 μL, and 0.2 mL of the cell suspension was inoculated into the left breast pad of female Balb/c nude mice. Tumor growth was observed every three days. Treatment started after the tumor volume reached 50 to 100 mm³.