Resected specimens were embedded in paraffin and mounted on slides, then subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Histologic diagnosis was determined based on discussions by expert pathologists (R.M., N.I., A.A., M.N.) in accordance with the Padova/Vienna classification, World Health organization (WHO) classification, and JCGC 8 15 16 17 . In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed to assess gastric mucin (MUC5AC for foveolar cells, MUC6 for mucous neck cells or pyloric gland cells) and intestinal mucin (MUC2 for goblet cells, CD10 for intestinal brush border) phenotype. Neoplastic proliferative activity was determined by calculating the Ki-67 labeling index and p53 protein expression was analyzed as a reference finding for TP53 gene mutations. Biomarkers used in this study were investigated using monoclonal antibodies to MUC5AC (Novocastra Laboratories Ltd., Newcastle, UK), MUC6 (Novocastra Laboratories), MUC2 (Novocastra Laboratories), CD10 (Dako, Copenhagen, Denmark), P53 (DO-7, Dako), and Ki-67 (MIB-1, Dako).
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