Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. HUVECs (2.0×103 cells/well) were plated into 96-well plates and cultured at 37°C for 12, 24 or 48 h, then 20 µl MTT (5 mg/ml; Sigma-Aldrich, Merck KGaA) was added to medium. Following 4-h incubation, 150 µl DMSO was used to dissolve the formazan crystals. The absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 490 nm using a microplate reader.
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