2.11. Lipid Per Oxidation (LPO) Assay

Lipid peroxidation (LPO), a useful marker of oxidative stress, is mainly the degradation of lipids that takes place due to oxidative damage. The LPO levels were measured in the brain homogenates from the control saline-treated mice and treated animal groups (n = 8 per group). The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is a biomarker of LPO, was measured using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay, according to the manufacturer’s instructions (catalog # K739-100; from Biovision Incorporated, Milpitas, CA, USA). Absorbance at 535 and 520 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer. Data are expressed as relative MDA nmol/mg protein.