Study Outcomes

Patients were followed from the date of the index abnormal liver test (occurring between 2007 and 2016) until follow-up testing, death, or termination of the period of observation (June 30, 2016). Follow-up testing was defined as the next set of values (results, both normal and abnormal) for liver chemistries identified within the dataset following the initial abnormality. Liver chemistries ordered both in bundled order sets (i.e. panels including bili, AST, ALT, ALP) and by individual test entity fulfilled the outcome measurement. Test orders without results (situations in which patients did not obtain testing) were not included in the outcome assessment.