4.7. Analysis of aminoacyl‐tRNAs by gel electrophoresis

Aminoacylation status of mitochondrial tRNAs was analyzed by acidic PAGE, followed by Northern blot analysis, as described (Freyer et al., 2012). Northern blots were analyzed on a Typhoon FLA 7,000 Phosphorimager (GE Healthcare).

For human samples, primers were as follows: tRNA^Trp: 5′‐GAT CTG GAG TCA GAC GCG‐3′; tRNA^Ser:5′‐CAA AAA AGG AAG GAA TCG AAC CCC CC‐3′. For fly samples, the oligonucleotide against tRNA^Trp was: 5′‐CTT TAT TTA TAG CTT TGA AGG TTA TTA G‐3′ and for tRNA^Val was: 5′‐TTT GCA CAA AAA TCT TTT CAA TG‐3′.