cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription from extracted RNA by iScript cDNA Synthesis Kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA). Expression of target genes was determined by real-time quantitative PCR using the iTaq SYBR Green Supermix and the iQ5 Multicolor Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad). Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was used as the internal control.
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