All experiments were performed three times and analyzed the data. The parameters are expressed as the means ± standard deviations. We performed one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) following Mann–Whitney U test. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0 statistical software (IBM SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001).
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