Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific) per instructions in the manual. cDNA was synthesized using QuantiTect Reverse Transcription Kit (QIAGEN). PCR reactions were prepared using QuantiFast SYBR Green PCR Kit (QIAGEN). Real-time RT-PCR was performed using an Applied Biosystems StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System in a two-step cycling protocol, with a denaturation step at 95 °C and a combined annealing/extension step at 60 °C. The primers (S1C Table) were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies.
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