Quantification of serum LPS

Serum LPS was measured as described previously (de La Serre et al. 2015). LPS was quantified using a Pyrochrome Lysate Mix, a quantitative chromogenic reagent, (Associate of Cape Cod, MA) diluted in Glucashield buffer which inhibits cross-reactivity with (1→3)-β-D-Glucans. Briefly, serum samples were diluted 1:10 in Pyrogen free water (Lonza, Switzerland) and heated for 10 min at 70°C. Samples and reactive solution were incubated at 37°C for 30 min and absorbance was read at 405 nm.