HeyA8 cells were seeded in a 6-well plate at a density of 1 × 105 cells/well and cultured overnight at 37 °C in an incubator containing 5% CO2. LN-NEs, DOX-liposomes, or LN-NE-DOX-liposomes were added to the cells and further incubated for 72 h (DOX: 0.5 μM, LN: 0.3 mM). Cells were then stained with FITC-annexin V (Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA) and 7-Amino-Actinomycin D (7-AAD) (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).17 Apoptotic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry (BD FACSCalibur with CELLQuest software, BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).
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