Statistical analysis

Results for each variable are presented as the mean ± standard error for each group (Huang et al., 2018). The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and post-hoc tests were used to identify significantly different taxa among different groups with STAMP software (Parks et al., 2014). Correspondence analysis (CA), canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), and non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were conducted using the “vegan” package in the R platform. A heatmap profile was drawn using HemI software. Separate Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the α-diversity indexes between different groups, by using the agricolae package in R.