2.1. Design and Study Population

Participants in this study were recruited from the cross-sectional FUPRECOL study [10]. Briefly, the FUPRECOL study was designed to examine the associations between physical fitness levels, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors in Colombian youths. Two research groups are involved in the project: (a) Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rosario, and (b) District Education Secretary, Bogotá, DC. All participants were of low–middle socioeconomic status (SES; 1–3 in a scale of 1–6 defined by the Colombian government) and were enrolled in 20 public elementary and high schools (i.e., grades 5–11). The participants answered a questionnaire (paper-and-pencil format) containing information on socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral variables (i.e., alcohol intake, diet, tobacco) during the 2014–2015 school year.

The sample consisted of children and adolescents (n = 4000 boys and n = 4000 girls) aged 9–17.9 years. In a subgroup of 2775 (35%) participants, parameters of biochemical profile were also assessed, and a more comprehensive health and lifestyle assessment was conducted. Of the 2775 participants who took part in the FUPRECOL subgroup study, a total of 1919 (53.0% girls) remained in the present analysis after excluding participants without a 20-meter shuttle run test (20mSRT) score (n = 37), body mass index >25 kg/m² (n = 455), without a biochemical profile (n = 180), and WC (n = 184) values. The FUPRECOL study was approved by the Rosario University Institutional Review Board for research on human subjects (Code CEI-ABN026-000262) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association for Human Subjects).