Human plasmacytoma xenograft models

All animal experiments were approved by and conformed to the relevant regulatory standards of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Boston, MA, USA). The human plasmacytoma xenograft model was performed as described previously.^29,31,32 CB-17 SCID mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 5.0 × 10⁶ MM.1S cells. When tumors were measurable (100 mm³) at ~ 3 weeks after MM cell injection, mice (10 mice per group) were treated with vehicle alone or RA190 (15 mg/kg) on a twice-weekly schedule. Mice were killed when tumor volume reached 2000 mm³.