RNA isolation and Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR)

Mice tissue samples and all cells were homogenized in TRIzol (Invitrogen,Grand Island, NY, USA), and total RNA was isolated according to the manufacturer's suggested protocol: 1 μg of RNA was used for cDNA synthesis. To determine the relative level of cDNA, real-time PCR analyses were performed using an Applied Biosystems 7300 Detection System (Applied Biosystems®, CA). The real-time PCR reaction was performed according to the protocol of the SYBR® Premix Ex Taq™ kit (Takara, DRR041). Duplicate runs of each sample were normalized to β-actin to determine relative expression levels. All Primers were described in Table S3.