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The colorless compound X-gal (dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide) could be converted into galactose by β-galactosidase, forming the blue substance 5-bromo-4-indigo. In this study, the engineered E. coli was transformed into the plates containing 40 μg mL−1 X-gal, and then cultured at 37 °C for 32 h in the dark or irradiated with blue-light (450 nm, 0.8 W/cm2). Based on this, the colony that produced β-galactosidase was turned into blue.
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