Mouse studies and measurement of hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides (TGs)

For circadian gene expression experiments, male C57BL/6 mice (8–10 wk of age) were maintained on a 12-hour light, 12-hour dark (L/D) cycle for at least 3 weeks. Mice (n = 3) were then killed at ZT2, ZT6, ZT10, ZT14, ZT18, and ZT22, and livers were harvested. Gene expression was determined by real-time qPCR. For the RF regimen, mice were placed in a normal L/D cycle with food taken out during lights out (ZT10–ZT2) and free access to food during lights on (ZT2–ZT10). Hepatic cholesterol and TGs were measured according to previous paper (21).