To measure genetic diversity of the NBS-encoding gene family in pear, nucleotide diversity (π) and fixation index (FST) were used as population-differentiation statistics. The analysis was performed to compare the four pear groups (Asian wild, Asian cultivated, European wild, European cultivated). In brief, 338 NBS-encoding genes were combined to form a single sequence scaffold with the sorted order (Additional file 14), and SNPs were identified across them using the above defined methods. Then VCFtools (version 0.1.16) [67] was employed to further screen SNP data with the parameters: max-missing 0.50, maf 0.05. The resulting SNPs were used to calculate the π and FST with a 1000 bp sliding window and a step size of 500 bp across the linear sequence of all 338 NBS-encoding genes. The nucleotide diversity (π) was also calculated separately for the coding regions.
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