The preparation of FMTE

Dry powders of FMT (Sichuan Jinlingzi Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Suining, China) (200 g) were extracted with 2000 mL 70% ethanol by heated reflux, the same powder extracted twice (2 h per time). The combined extraction was then filtered and concentrated using a rotary evaporator (Yarong Biochemical Instrument Factory, Shanghai, China), and the final extract was stored in the dark at −20 °C.

Qiuliling (batch number: (2014)100205090) was purchased from the Jiangsu wei tai long Biotechnology Co, Ltd (Jiangsu, China).