Blood glucose level was measured using a handheld glucometer with appropriate test strips (FreeStyle Lite). For GTT, the mice were fasted overnight, and then intraperitoneally injected with glucose at a dose of 2 g/kg body weight. Blood glucose levels were measured prior to injection, and at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min time point after glucose injection. The trapezoidal rule was used to determine the area under the curve (AUC) of blood glucose during GTT. For ITT, the mice were fasted for 5 h, and then intraperitoneally injected with insulin at a dose of 0.75 U/kg body weight. Blood glucose levels were measured prior to injection, and at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min time point after injection.
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