Statistics

Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate patient survival based upon PDX parameters. Sample size in mouse experiments was chosen based on the biological variability observed with a given genotype. Non-parametric tests were used when normality could not be assumed. Mann Whitney test and Student’s t test were used when comparing independent shRNAs to shControl. One-tailed tests were used when a difference was predicted to be in one direction; otherwise, a two-tailed test was used. A P value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered significant (*:p<0.05, **:p<0.01, ***:p<0.001, and ****: p<0.0001). Error bars represent SEM unless otherwise indicated.