Participants and recruitment

We used baseline data collected for the longitudinal cohort study “Home and Health in People Ageing with Parkinson’s Disease” (HHPD) in 2013. The design and procedures of the HHPD were described in detail in a study protocol [19]. Participants were recruited from three hospitals in Skåne County (i.e., study district). The inclusion criterion was being diagnosed with PD (G20.9) since at least one year. The exclusion criteria were difficulties understanding or speaking Swedish, having cognitive difficulties (evaluated by a specialized PD-nurse and screening of medical records) or other reasons making the individual unable to give informed consent (i.e., hallucinations or a recent stroke) or to take part in the majority of the data collection. Out of 653 possible participants, 58 lived outside the study district and were not included. Further, 158 were excluded having difficulties understanding or speaking Swedish (n = 10); severe cognitive problems (n = 91) or other reasons that made them unable to give informed consent or take part in the majority of the data collection (e.g. hallucinations, recent stroke) (n = 57). The remaining 437 potential participants were invited to participate. However, 22 of those were unreachable and two had their diagnosis changed. Furthermore, 157 out of 413 remaining participants declined and one had extensive missing data (n = 255). For this study, another eight persons were excluded due to comprehensive missing data on core variables and two more were excluded as they lived in residential care units. Thus, the final study sample was N = 245 (60.8% men; mean age = 69.9 years; min–max = 45–93 years) and the median duration with PD was 8 years (q1-q3 = 5–13) (Table ​(Table1).1). Additional descriptive data was collected, which is presented and described as footnotes in Table ​Table1,1, capturing, i.e. cognitive [20], motor functioning [21] and housing variables.

Sample characteristics, N = 245

^aHoehn and Yahr, eligible scores 1–5

^bUnified Parkinson’s disease rating scale, eligible scores = 0–108

^cMontreal cognitive assessment, 0–30

^dActivities of daily living, eligible scores 0–27. 9 items that are rated from 0–3 (0 = independent–3 = dependent) and summed to a total sum score. Higher scores= the more dependent

^eHousing Enabler, eligible scores 0–1844

Written informed consent was obtained from each participant and the study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. The Regional Ethical Review Board in Lund (No. 2012/558) approved the HHPD.