Cells were centrifuged at 800×g onto glass slides, and coverslips were mounted with aqueous mounting medium (Dako) with DAPI (Sigma-Aldrich). Fluorescent signals were analyzed using a Zeiss LSM 700 laser-scanning confocal microscope (Göttingen, Germany). The number of LC3 puncta per cell was quantified as described elsewhere [26]. To estimate the average number of LC3 puncta per cell in each treatment group, 20 cells were randomly selected, and puncta in each cell were manually counted. Results are expressed as the mean of at least three independent experiments.
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