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Meteorological and atmospheric conditions

AS Alberto Salvo
JB Joel Brito
PA Paulo Artaxo
FG Franz M. Geiger
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Beyond the gasoline-ethanol fuel mix that is our focus, meteorology, including the occurrence of thermal inversions, is a key determinant of particle pollution. To control for possible confounders and increase estimation precision, we obtained hourly meteorological data recorded at weather stations run by the environmental authority (CETESB)48 and by the Institute for Meteorology (INMET; http://www.inmet.gov.br), located in different parts of the metropolis. This follows earlier work on gaseous pollutants,33 which describes the hourly meteorological data, provides an overview of meteorology in São Paulo including spatial correlation across the metropolis, and examines how meteorology is strongly associated with O3, NO, CO, and PM10 concentrations. In addition to the weather controls used in earlier work, we control for the occurrence and height of thermal inversions in the lower atmosphere. These are recorded every 12 h, at 09:00 and 21:00 local time, by the Brazilian Air Force (FAB)48.

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