Detection of oxidative stress index in brain tissue

The serum levels of ROS, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) were detected using commercial kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Biology Research Institute, Nanjing, China). The experiment was performed strictly according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Fluorescence was read with 500/530 nm (absorption/emission) for ROS. Optical absorption was assessed at 450 nm for SOD, 530 nm for MDA, and 410 nm for GSH using a microplate reader (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA, USA).