2.2. WASH Survey

A WASH survey with questions adapted from WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) core questions on water, sanitation, and hygiene for household surveys [17] (Supplementary Materials Part A) was administered to cases and controls to assess household WASH factors. These factors included water source (improved or unimproved), premises’ access to water, water treatment, time to fetch water, access to soap, handwashing practices, and sanitation facility use. The questionnaire also included relevant sociodemographic information such as age, gender, and education status.