The filtration tests were conducted using a UF cell at a pressure of 1.5 bar. This experiment was done using two feeds (DI water and 50 ppm HA solution) to evaluate the performance of membranes in terms of pure water flux (PWF), HA solution flux, and rejection of HA solution. This experiment’s procedure was carried out in one set by changing feed from DI water to HA solution followed by membrane cleaning. It continued with replacing the feed with DI water again to obtain the data for antifouling assessment. The detailed information on this experimental procedure has been described in our earlier works [28].
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