This was a prospective cohort study held at the ED of the Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino University Hospital, Turin, Italy, an urban university-affiliated ED with an approximate annual volume of 75,000 visits per year and main site of the University of Turin Emergency Medicine Residency Program. The protocol was approved by the Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino institutional review board. All patients or their substitute decisionmakers provided informed consent and all data were immediately deidentified. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki for clinical research involving human subjects.
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