Eligible studies were limited to research focusing on the following: (1) newborn infants who were born at ≥35 weeks' gestation, (2) evidence of birth asphyxia based on a pH ≤ 7.0 and/or a base deficit ≥12 mmol/L in an umbilical cord blood sample during the first hour after birth, and (3) clinical hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) manifestation as well as neurodevelopmental outcomes that included data on CP. Additionally, when multiple studies based on the same population were published, only the most complete one was included.
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