Pathway enrichment analysis.

Functional analysis of genes with statistically significant expression changes was performed for biological functions and canonical pathways using the Ingenuity Pathways Knowledge Base (IPKB) in IPA (QIAGEN Inc.). Only pathways with a Benjamini-Hochberg–adjusted P value under 0.05 were presented as enriched. For IPA of OX40⁺ pDCs and OX40^lo/– pDCs, OX40⁺ pDCs were used as experimental samples in IPA with corresponding negative Z scores, and OX40^lo/– pDCs were used as controls with corresponding positive Z scores generated. Z scores, which take into account the direction of change of molecules in the data set, were calculated in the IPA software based on the data set’s correlation with the activated state.