2.6. Ion Channel Recordings, Data Analysis, and Statistics

After the insertion of an active channel into the bilayer, the membrane was routinely clamped for periods between 10 s and 15 min to a range of positive and negative voltages (usually from +160 mV to −160 mV in 20 mV steps). Data analysis was performed with KielPatch (version 3.20 ZBM/2011) and Patchmaster (HEKA Electronik, Lambrecht, Germany). Experimental data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (sd) of n independent experiments. Statistical significances were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Student T-tests.