2.12. Oil Red O Staining for Intracellular Lipid Accumulation

After treatment, the cells were stained with Oil Red O (Sigma-Aldrich). The cells were washed twice with PBS, fixed with paraformaldehyde in PBS at room temperature for 1 h. The cells were then washed with deionized water, stained with Oil Red O for 1 h in the dark. The stained lipid droplets were determined by measuring the absorbance at 492 nm using a TECAN reader. The percentage change of lipid accumulation by the treatment group is expressed relative to that of the CTR group [34].