As we have described previously [9], the DS2-induced apoptosis was examined and identified according to the condensation and fragmentation of their nuclei by fluorescence microscopy after Hoechst 33258 staining. FITC- annexin V and PI was used to stain and identify subpopulations of cells with membrane changes (early stage apoptosis) and the associated loss of membrane integrity (necrotic or late apoptotic cells), respectively.
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