Cholesterol content was determined using the Amplex Red Cholesterol Assay kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) according to the manufacturer’s instructions in the presence of cholesterol esterase. The concentration of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) α and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were determined using RayBio Mouse PDGF-AA ELISA Kit (cat. no. ELM-PDGFAA; RayBioTech) or LEGEND MAX Total TGF-β1 ELISA Kit (cat. no. 436707; BioLegend) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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