3.1. Jar Test

A series of jar tests were performed to determine the optimum dose of both CPAM and C. Starch (ASTM D2035, 2003). The jar test apparatus (Phipps & Bird PB-700 Jartester) consisted of four stirring rods, on which only one test was performed at a time. A 15% by mass soil and water mixture was created by adding 83 grams of soil (i.e. Tully Fines and Tully Sand) to 468 grams of DI water in a 1000 mL beaker. The beaker of sample was put on the jar tester and allowed to mix for two minutes at approximately 200 rpm to ensure adequate mixing before beginning a test. Small increments of CPAM (0.2 mL for sand and 1 mL for fines) were added to the mixture, followed by one minute of mixing and a minute and a half of settling. A sample of the supernatant was obtained using a 10-mL pipette, and used to check the turbidity (HACH 2100N Turbidimeter). CPAM was added in increments until a turbidity of < 20 NTU was reached, and this was considered optimum dose. This process was repeated for three trials using CPAM. The same procedure was also conducted using C. Starch.