TCD (Pioneer TC 8080; Nicolet Vascular, Madison, WI, USA) was used to monitor both MCAs with insonation depths of 40–60 mm and both posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs) with insonation depths of 60–70 mm. We followed the TCD criteria based on consensus criteria of the fourth meeting of the European Society of Neurosonology and Cerebral Hemodynamics. The TCD recording quality was continuously observed by one investigator. Data were automatically saved on the computer hard disk for review, and all analyses were performed blinded to the individual patient details.
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