Virus infection, interferon, and BX795 treatment.

Sendai virus (100 hemagglutinating units [HAU]/ml) and IFN-β (100 IU/ml) were prepared in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS. Cells seeded in 12-well plates or 48-well plates were inoculated with Sendai virus or treated with IFN-β for 6 or 18 h and then harvested. For the inhibition of TBK1, cells were treated with BX795 (10 μM for Huh7 cells) for 6 h before virus infection, and BX795 was dissolved in DMSO and diluted in 10% FBS-DMEM.