4.4. Measurement of Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and (ALT)

The serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, 900 μL of reagent was incubated for 3 min at 37 °C, followed by adding 45 μL serum or blank (45 μL dd H₂O). After incubating for 10 min, the absorbance at 450 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer (Synergy HT, BioTek Instrument Inc., Winooski, VT, USA).